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The sonnet was first written in Italian. Sonnets were usually love poems, written within specific rules. Sonnets are 14 lines in length, with a anglicized meter of iambic pentameter ( da DUM da DUM da DUM da DUM da DUM ). The poem is divided into the theme that asks the question, or raises an issue or doubt. The second part answers the question, makes the point or solves the problem.
The sonnet form has been experimented with by many great poets, though most follow two basic styles, the "Italian" ( Petrarchan ) and the "English" ( Shakespearean ). The "Italian" is split into two parts-the octave and the sestet. The octave is composed of two envelope quatrains rhyming "abba abba". The sestet rhyme pattern varies, though it usually is patterned " cde cde " the traditional Italian sestet, or "cdc dcd" is the Sicilian form. The Italian form is widely considered the favorite. The "English" contains 3 sicilian quatrains ( that ask the question, or raises the issue or doubt ) and one heroic cuplet at the end ( that answers the question, makes the point or solves the problem ) The pattern of rhyme scheme is, " abab cdcd efef gg " The turn comes in line thirteen and that makes the ending quick and dramatic. There are other styles and poets push the rules a lot with the sonnet.
Shakespeare made the english sonnet most famous and an example of his english Sonnets is titled,
"Sonnet #27"
Weary with toil, I haste me to my bed,
the dear repose for limbs with traveled tired,
But then begins a journey in my head
to work my mind, when body's works expired.
For then my thoughts ( from far where I abide )
Intend a zealous pilgrimage to thee,
and keep my dropping eyelids open wide.
Looking on darkness which the blind do see,
Save that my soals imaginary sight,
Presents thy shadow to my sightless view
which like a jewel ( hung in ghastly night )
make black night beauteous, and her old face new.
Lo, thus by day my limbs, by night my mind,
For thee, and for myself no quiet find.
If you look at it you see the rhyming pattern is, "abab cdcd efef gg" and Shakespeare liked this form the best. Many authors write sonnets and they use the patterns that I have told you about, but sonnet form has been stretched from time to time. I find following rules to be more difficult, but if it was easy...anyone could do it! Good luck writing your first sonnet and I hope you write many! Anthony
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